Environmental Information


	Iron and Steel Making Slag – Environmentally Responsible Construction Aggregates. The National Slag Association proves that Iron and Steel Making Slag materials present no threat to human health or to the environment.
	IRON and STEEL SLAGS — NON-HAZARDS Allegations of iron and steel making slags being "hazardous" are the subject of numerous files in the National Slag Association office dating back to the 1920's.
	Leachate from Blast Furnace Slag The following is a brief description of Blast Furnace Slag chemistry and the phenomenon of leaching as it relates to this material.
	Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Blast Furnace, Basic Oxygen Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace Steel Industry Slags. Because slag contains heavy metals at concentrations that are higher than most soil, questions have been raised regarding the need to evaluate the potential human health and environmental hazards associated with current applications.
	Phosphorus Saturation Potential: A Parameter for Estimating the Longevity of Constructed Wetland Systems Phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities of materials derived from batch experiments can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the method used, leading to potential misinterpretation of the P retention capacity on a longterm basis and unrealistic estimations of constructed wetland systems (CWS) longevity.
	Water Improvement Initiatives in New Zealand Using Melter Slag Filter Beds The ability of iron and steel industry slag aggregates to remove phosphorous and certain heavy metals from degraded water has been understood and well researched for many years (e.g. Yamada et al.1986).
	Phosphorus and pathogen removal from wastewater, storm water and groundwater using permeable reactive materials Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems as a consequence of excessive loading of phosphorus and other nutrients is a common local and watershed-scale problem.
	Laboratory Development of Permeable Reactive Mixtures for the Removal of Phosphorus from Onsite Wastewater Disposal Systems Laboratory batch and column studies were conducted to develop permeable reactive mixtures to remove phosphorus from the effluent of onsite wastewater disposal systems.
	Removal of Phosphate and Waterborne Pathogens from Wastewater Effluent Using Permeable Reactive Materials Over the past decade, extensive laboratory testing and field studies have demonstrated the effective removal of phosphate from groundwater and wastewater using Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag, a waste material from the steel production process.
	Use of Steel Slag to Remove Soluble Phosphorus from Closed Marine Systems The accumulation of soluble phosphorus is a major problem in closed marine systems as it favors excessive algae growth, requiring constant efforts to maintain water quality.
	Use of Steel Slag Leach Beds for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage In the past, treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) has relied almost solely on the dissolution of limestone to increase water pH and alkalinity and precipitate metals.
	Reclamation Research Report WV51 Steel Making Slag to Control AMD International Mill Services Inc. requested the assistance of the National Mine Land Reclamation Center, West Virginia University in evaluating the potential application of steel making slags in controlling the prwduction of acid mine drainage (AMD) from coal refuse (tailings).